Influence of annealing conditions on the performance of sputtered grown CZTS thin film solar cells

Kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS), with direct and tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, low-cost processing, earth-abundance, non-toxicity, has become a promising absorber material for emerging thin film solar cells. The growth, phase formation, stoichiometry, as well the electrical optical properties of sputtered grown CZTS films, are greatly influenced by annealing temperature pressure. In this work, we use series characterization techniques followed numerical simulations to determine how conditions affect films photovoltaic performance corresponding Sputtered samples were annealed at different temperatures (470 560 °C) pressures (250 350 Torr). UV-visible spectroscopy was used bandgap spectra. experimentally determined values then input parameters in Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator-1 Dimension (SCAPS-1D) simulator tool cell performance. Simulation results show maximum theoretical power conversion efficiency sample °C Torr can lead optimization sputtering obtaining quality that yield excellent